How Patriotism Can Boost Your Business

How Patriotism Can Boost Your BusinessWith today's booming economy, there are many ways to promote your business; perhaps one of the most effective is to get patriotic writing paper. The idea of giving something back is a good motivation for many people to try and make the most of their company and to enjoy the quality service that they offer to customers.There are many reasons why people will need to write letters for one simple information; from executive letters to greeting cards, letters can easily be classified into a variety of formats. When people want to express themselves, it is important to give them the information they want in a format that they will find convenient. Although it may seem trivial at the start, the cost of using improper forms can add up and affect your business negatively.Even when writing to family, a friendly way to introduce yourself may be to use a patriotic writing pad. It is not uncommon for people to try and impress their family and friends by getti ng a few signatures from them with these types of items. Not only are they a great gift for anyone in the family, but for businesses they are an excellent way to motivate them to perform at their best.Patriotism in writing will really help people feel appreciated and wanted for their hard work. Whether you are the boss or a staff member, you will have to do some work to get the attention of your audience, especially when it comes to marketing and sales. Giving people something that they can relate to and feel useful for will help your sales efforts and will increase your loyal customers.When you find the right team to assist you with your writing needs, you will be surprised how much time is saved as well as the amount of energy that is put into the project. Whether you are sending letters or books to a single customer or hundreds, using a patriotic writing pad is a perfect addition to your advertising arsenal. Not only will it help to spread the word about your business, but it can be a valuable addition to the advertising budget of a company.If you have a business that you know revolves around patriotism, it is wise to advertise with the proper style of printing. For example, if you are putting together a team of people to help build a new church, you will need to show some pride when it comes to printing patriotic papers and other promotional materials. The more people you can reach with the proper mailing appeals, the better the results will be.If you are looking for the perfect patriotic writing material, consider adding one of these patriotic wrapping paper designs. By printing a small logo or name on the wrapper, you will be reaching out to your targeted audience. Using patriotic paper that is appealing and provides a unique design makes it easy to reach an entire group of people at once.You will also be able to come up with some great ideas for wrapping your promotional supplies. Choosing a patriotic wrapper and adding a small word that means something different to each order makes wrapping your gifts even more efficient. Either way, when you choose the best patriotic paper, it will be the first thing your customers see, so it is important to make sure you get a unique design for each occasion.

Ethics Of The Workplace Business Application - 941 Words

Ethics in the Workplace: Business Application Ethics is not a subject that is lost in history with the likes of Aristotle, Plato or Machiavelli, but is relevant in with more modern philosophers such as John Mill, Ayan Rand and Immanuel Kant. Business and higher education centers find ethics relevant enough to hold classes, seminars and pay experts to host on-site training sessions that focus on the relationship between business and ethics. The two subjects are inseparable and even more important with the speed and widespread availability of news. Three common theories of ethics are utilitarianism, egoism, and care ethics each of which have their positive and negative points. Utilitarianism can be loosely traced back to the Greek†¦show more content†¦While helping others is not a direct consideration of this theory, one of the consequences is that by harming others it may harm you as well. At the end of the day, ones well-being and self-preservation is a primal survival insti nct and generally easy to choose. A problem with egoism is that it can seem arbitrary. One could decide to give an advantage to people with green eyes. This could seem arbitrary as eye color has little to no bearing on ability, morality, or character. This simple answer to this is that the person who made the decision has green eyes and would therefore benefit from the decision. There are other theories that do not necessarily depend on the consequences of the action, but on the motives. Deontology as made popular by Kant argues that â€Å"†¦ standard of rationality that he dubbed the â€Å"Categorical Imperative† (CI). Kant characterized the CI as an objective, rationally necessary and unconditional principle that we must always follow †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Johnson and Cureton (2004). One of the major advantages of deontology is that it fits with a common sense of what is right or wrong even within most societies when it comes to the most egregious activities such as torture and murder. An individual’s duty or what they ought to do seems simple in most classes, at least on the surface. What happens when conflicting moral duties arise? For example, is it acceptable to break a promise or tell a lie? It seems that eitherShow MoreRelatedEssay on Managing the Workplace Ethics of Social Media1474 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media applications on the internet have skyrocketed in the area of interests for all ages of employees in the work force. As fast as the se applications are gaining popularity, so are they changing the way employers are looking at their employees and their companies in general. There are so many benefits that social media has brought to the cooperate world, but with this each company is becoming increasingly more aware of the risks that are involved with using it. Misuse of company resourcesRead MoreEthical Dilemmas in Workplace1634 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Dilemmas in Workplace Personal values may conflict with ethical decision making if those personal values are different than the organizational norms of the business or institution. Constructing, and maintaining personal ethics in the workplace rests with the individual, and how willing he or she is in assimilating to the evolving cultural dynamic of the corporate world. Many times a person find their personal, cultural and/or organizational ethics conflicting and must reconcile a course ofRead MorePersonal Ethics Development Paper871 Words   |  4 Pages(2007), define ethics as â€Å"the principles, norms, and standards of conduct governing an individual or organization.† I was influenced the way I determine different actions or behavior in a particular situation since I was a child. Growing up with a single Catholic mother made me value different things and behave in a particular way. In addition, this made me a have a particular ethical system that influences the way I work and act as an indivi dual. At the corporation level, ethics is important becauseRead MoreGenerational Affects in Business Ethics Essay1597 Words   |  7 PagesGenerational Affects in Business Ethics We are experiencing in our work force a changing of the guard, currently there are three generational groups that make up our workforce: The Baby Boomers, Generation X, and the Millennials, who for the past few years have begun to work together. However, what we are discovering is that because of the time frame of their births and the life altering affects during those times, it has influenced the values and objectives of each of these groups, ultimatelyRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Workplace1554 Words   |  7 Pages Ethics in the Workplace We as individuals come across situations in our daily lives that force us to make decisions that we may always agree with morally as well as decisions that may push our moral compasses to their limits. If you are a working professional no matter what the field, these decisions can come with big ramifications, good or bad. I have come to find that with every individual there comes a different set of beliefs, attitude, boundaries and ethical views. We do not all share theRead MoreBusiness Law Case Anaylsis Outline1068 Words   |  5 Pageswork for the contract to be sent off to be closed. i. The conditions of the closing were that there was no deposit to be paid but that a special clause was to be included. c. When the closing date arrived, Thomas, representing his un-incorporated business, did not have the funds. II. Facts relevant to legal issue a. The buyer was not able to fulfill the contract. b. The contract - The clause - Any failure to close within 2 days of the stated closing date shall be deemed a breach of contract. LegalRead MoreEssay about Ethics in International Business1657 Words   |  7 Pages Ethics in International Business Abstract International business ethics challenges the corporate world to deal with questions of what to do in situations where ethical standards come into conflict as a result of the different cultural practices in the nation. Since, there is this dilemma that has progressively troubled the large multinational corporations, international business ethics has arisen to help address these adhesive subject matters. There are several international business ethicsRead MoreEthical Standards For Commercial Enterprise936 Words   |  4 PagesEthics are the moral guidelines which govern good behavior in our own lives, and in the lives of other individuals. It is important to act ethically on an individual basis, however it is also important for organizations or businesses to act ethically as well. Business Ethics would be the application of ethical standards to commercial enterprise. In the business world they often have a set of written guidelines that are issued by each organization, to its workers and management that is meant to helpRead MoreCase Study on a New Work Ethic977 Words   |  4 PagesA New Work Ethic This is a case study on A New Work Ethic written by James Sheehy a human resources manager. According to the Business Dictionary (2011) ethic is define as the basic concepts and fundamental principles of right human conduct. It includes study of universal values such as the essential equality of all men and women, human or natural rights, obedience to the law of land, concern for health and safety and, increasingly, also for the natural environment. According to Sheehy the attitudesRead MoreCompanys Csr Sustainability Program1485 Words   |  6 Pagespromoting safety in the workplace, industrial hygiene, respecting the environment, training investment, and many more. Sanofi is shelling out great investments for their sustainability programs. In 2001 alone, Sanofi allocated 11.2 Million Euros for a program to limit its operations’ impact on the environment. By 2008, Sanofi showed efforts of compliance with the United Nation’s Agenda 21 Blueprint for sustainability by establishing the four pillars (i.e. Patient, Ethics, Planet, and People) that

The Greatest Fear Of Death - 876 Words

October 23rd 2012, I had to face my greatest fear. The fear of death. The fear I might lose one of my wonderful parents. It’s something that I did not choose to face, or even want to anytime soon. I couldn’t have faced my fear without the help my mother, who probably needed me more I needed her. Coming home from school I would run upstairs, take a nap, and then start my homework. That is what happened every day for my ten years of schooling. This early October afternoon, it was a little different. I pulled into my driveway and saw my mom’s Acura. Confused, I went upstairs to see what she was doing home. She normally didn’t get home until 7pm. I walked in to an â€Å"Ohh ahh,† sound. My dad was helping her into bed, while fixing a bandage around her chest. I stood there with a puzzled look on my face. â€Å"Hello, what are you doing?† I asked. â€Å"I had a doctor’s appointment today. I went for my mammogram, and they found a lump in my left breast,† my mom answered back. â€Å"A lump? What kind of lump?† â€Å"Dr. Roxanna said we don’t need to worry,† she replied â€Å"it could just be something small from the implants.† How could I not worry? Being the 16 year old that makes everything dramatic, I went and called my sister Shannon crying hysterically asking if she knew anything. I was so scared that my mom could die, and that’s all I could think about. I didn’t even know if she had cancer yet, but I acted as if she did. Two weeks later, my mom called older brother Jake and I down stairs. ThereShow MoreRelatedArgument Paper Platos Apology1351 Words   |  6 PagesWALTER A. JENKINS JR Plato once said, â€Å"No one knows whether death, which People fear to be the greatest evil, may not be the greatest good.† Throughout the history of mankind, man has been fascinated with the mystery surrounding death. For many it is a phenomenon which is feared and for others it is a salvation from the misery and suffering of everyday life. In Plato’s â€Å"Apology†, Socrates has been sentenced to death and he claims that what â€Å"has befallen me is a blessing.† After the conclusionRead MoreSocrates : The Fear Of Death1717 Words   |  7 PagesPhil 10200 Cai 06/16/2017 Socrates on The Fear of Death In Plato’s â€Å"Apology†, Plato captures the arguments that Socrates makes about death. Socrates attitude towards the fear of death was a thought or imagination based on the limitation of our knowledge for we do not know about the truth of something without experiencing, and not on its facts. Socrates believes people should not fear death, and he calls the fear of death to be false wisdom. This statement Socrates proves it based on the followingRead MoreApology and Phaedo, by Socrates833 Words   |  3 PagesPaper One Contemplating Death Both philosophers and non-philosophers stand on a level of equality with respect to death. There are no experts on death, for there is nothing to know about it. Even those who study the death process have no edge on the rest of us. We are all equals in thinking about death, and we all begin and end thinking about it from a position of ignorance. One trouble with discussing this topic is the instinctive fear of death. We tend to avoid death in our thoughts and actionsRead MoreAre Socretes Arguments about Death Sound? Essay583 Words   |  3 PagesAre Socrates Arguments Sound? Socrates believes one cannot fear what one does not know. He believes since no one has an absolute knowledge of what follows death in the natural world, man should not fear death. He has several arguments to back this up. In this paper I will look at two of his arguments and conclude that his arguments are unsound due to the fact that opinions are not truths. First of all, to prove Socrates arguments are not sound, one must know what a sound argument is. In aRead MoreSocrates And St. Augustines Views On Death1305 Words   |  6 PagesLouis Ferrara Dr. Edwards Philosophy 101-02 October 13, 2017 What is Death? Death is the most inevitable and unknown aspect of life. It is unescapable, and by most of today’s population, it is feared in the utmost regard. Our materialistic views and constant desertion of religious ideals has forced our society to view death as an ultimate end. Socrates and St. Augustine’s views on death differ from many views on the subject in 2017, however, for their time, these men had the power to influence aRead MoreThe Trial And Death Of Socrates1701 Words   |  7 PagesIn reading, The Trial and Death of Socrates, Socrates presents himself against â€Å"the majority† and endures prosecution for inventing new gods and not believing in old ones. Socrates lives a life that is opposite of much of the â€Å"the majority† ideals. â€Å"The majority† values goods, possessions, and uncontrollable attributes given to them by others such as a high reputation and honor. In addition, The Greek Philosopher was able to refuse the opportunity to e scape his death sentence while he had sons atRead MoreFactors Contributing to Shakespeares Hamlet Being a Great Play1203 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet, through the heroism and nobility of its hero, his superior power of insight into, and reflection upon, his situation, and his capacity to suffer the moral anguish which moral responsibility brings, is considered one of the greatest pieces of literature ever written. Throughout the play, Hamlet, through both soliloquies and actions, displays these characteristics, which make Hamlet such an important and intriguing individual. Hamlets heroism and nobility displayed throughoutRead MoreReflection Paper on Death and the Power of God1242 Words   |  5 Pagesthat most of the people I know fear, death. Another important topic that will be discussed is the power of God. Death One of the greatest fears that most people have in their lives is death. I wonder why this is so? Do people mostly fear the way that they will die? Do they feel as if they haven’t accomplished everything they have wanted to in their life? I feel these things attribute to the fear that people have with death. There are several examples of death throughout the Bible. ThousandsRead MoreThe Characters Of Socrates And The Greatest Evils894 Words   |  4 PagesSocrates believes that he is an individual who had the potential to accomplish extraordinary feats due to his unique set of traits. He claims, â€Å"If they were of any use, Crito, the many would be able to do the greatest evils, and so they would also be able to do the greatest goods, and that would be fine. But as it is they can do neither, since they cannot make a man either wise or foolish† (Crito, 44d). Only certain people have the capacity to complete enormous feats, and those people are not averageRead MoreZombies, By Zombies And Vampires1380 Words   |  6 Pagesspectrum. Zombies demonstrate the greatest fears of humans, death, whereas vampires reflects human’s greatest desire, to love and to be loved. However, combined they find a happy medium, mankind’s view of an afterlife. To be reanimated as either a vampire or a zombie, one has to die. The thought of the dead coming back to life is unfamiliar territory for humans, and this unknown is a fear in itself. There are a lot of speculations about what happens to us after death. These speculations are mimicked

Essay about President Abraham Lincoln - 1151 Words

Although Abraham Lincoln was President over a century and a half ago (1861-1865), he is still considered to be one of our greatest Presidents, and his legacy remains important for the nation today. By the late 1800s, sectional tensions in America had led to a split between the Northern and Southern states. During the Antebellum period, the North became more industrialized as the South increased its agricultural production. The two sections developed differing economies and ideas and by April 14, 1861, at Fort Sumter, the tensions came to a head as the American Civil War began. Skillfully guiding the nation through this time of hardship and considered one of the greatest presidents in American history, Abraham Lincoln left a†¦show more content†¦His unyielding position on the preservation of the Union can be seen today as the nation is now known as the United States of America and includes the Southern regions that attempted to secede in the 1860s. Preserving the Union, however, was only one of the accomplishments of Lincoln that still has an impact today. In the 1820s, with the rise of expansion and agriculture in the South, slavery increased in America. During the Antebellum period, slavery continued to be a controversial issue dividing the North and the South and driving the diverging developments of the nation. With additional expansion in the 1840s, the question of expansion of slavery again raised sectional tensions and Northern radicals called for abolition while Southern radicals, or fireeaters, called for secession from the Union. Lincoln’s original position on allowing slavery changed over the course of his presidency, and by the 1860s, Lincoln aligned himself with the abolitionists, calling for the immediate abolition of slavery. After the Battle of Antietam, on September 22, 1862, Lincoln announced his decision to abolish slavery in the states that claimed secession, and on January 1, 1863, Lincoln formally signed the Emancipation Proclamation. With this law, all slaves in the Confederacy were freed, and later those in the Border States and Union states were also freed with theShow MoreRelatedAbraham Lincoln : An Influential President1572 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln: An Influential President When you hear the name Abraham Lincoln, what is the first thing that comes to your mind? Do you think of a tall, slender man with an enormous top hat? Do you think of his devotion to the abolition of slavery? Abraham Lincoln contributed to more than one can imagine. He was the president of the United States during a time of colossal distress, the Civil War, and he paved the way for a great number of changes. Abraham Lincoln was a powerful figure whoRead MoreThe Assassination Of President Abraham Lincoln Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most tragic moments throughout all American history in my opinion is the Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. With no surprise I am writing about certain event that occurred leading up to, during, and after this unfortunate event. This historical event is clouded with conspiracy but I will try to avoid specifics of that particular view. Abraham Lincoln was born in a little town located within Hardin Country, Kentucky on February 12, 1809 (www.whitehouse.gov/abrahamlincoln). HeRead More President Abraham Lincoln Essay2204 Words   |  9 Pagesof March in 1861, Abraham Lincoln became the sixteenth President of the United States of America. President Lincoln was born on the twelfth of February in 1809 in a log cabin located in Hodgenville, Kentucky, and died at the age of fifty-six on the fifteenth of April in 1865 in Washington, D.C. In 1834, Abraham Lincoln was elected as a member of the Whig party into the Illinois state legislature. Being involved with politics helped form and shape his view about slavery. Lincoln then began teachingRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : The Greatest Presidents1876 Words   |  8 PagesAbraham Lincoln is widely known as one of the greatest presidents we have had. He hold this title because he got out country through the civil war. Even though he tried to prevent this war from happening he used everything in his power to bring it to a stop once it had begun. Lincoln had the utmost confidence in the Union and this showed by how America healed from the tragic death he went through. While Lincoln was in office his main priorities was to see this nation flourish and he did everythingRead MoreThe Legacy Of President Abraham Lincoln998 Words   |  4 PagesPresident Abraham Lincoln was the leader of the United States for five years, yet he is often only remembered for leading the Union to victory in the Civil War and freeing the slaves in the process. These accomplishments go together and it is easy to assume part of, if not the entire reason for war was to end slavery. He is credited with freeing the slaves because of his emancipation proclamation. This eventually brings and end to the institution, but should we really credit this all to Lincoln?Read MoreElectronic Communication by President Abraham Lincoln1259 Words   |  5 PagesWhat became of our forces which held the bridge till twenty minutes ago†¦? The President of the United States telegraphed a colonel in the field during the Civil War Battle of Second Manassas (Bull Run) in 1862. Abraham Lincoln was using the new medium of electronic communications in an unprecedented manner to revolutionize the nature of national leadership. When Lincoln arrived for his inauguration in 1861 there was not even a telegraph line to the War Department, much less the White House. StormRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s Assassination Of President1176 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln’s Assassination President Abraham Lincoln was the first United States president ever to be assassinated while in office. He was president during the Civil War and had many people that did not like him. John Wilkes Booth was one of those people and was the man responsible for the Presidents death. The following is about Abraham Lincoln, John Wilkes Booth, Booth’s plan for Lincoln, the President’s assassination, Booth’s capture and how it affected history. Abraham Lincoln was bornRead MoreEssay on Abraham Lincoln - the Greatest President1069 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln There have been forty four U.S. presidents over the past two hundred and twenty years. What president has served the best for our country? None other than Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln is the greatest president ever because he did great things such as ending slavery, getting the us through the Civil War, and helped our country a lot. The American Civil War was a war between the Southern states and the Confederate states. Abraham Lincoln was not very prepared for the war militarilyRead MorePresident Abraham Lincoln : A Politics With A Purpose1772 Words   |  8 PagesThe Late Honorable President Abraham Lincoln known as a Politics with a Purpose President Abraham Lincoln Born February 12, 1809, is a friendly, honest, win over storyteller character that the people in Indiana love to him where he grew-up. As a politician in 1830’s to 40’s he became a three times state legislature, lawyer, a supporter of Revolution against British (whig) and professional in organizing a parties, he learned to be unreveal peroson, exchange favors, manipulate the press and cultivateRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s Greatest Presidents1671 Words   |  7 Pagesauthors takes on whether Abraham Lincoln was one of America’s greatest presidents was that Paludan stated Lincoln was a president who wanted to defend and uphold the constitution of the United States, especially since President Lincoln always stated that all men are created equal and that meant blacks to in his opinion. He was the type of person who talked to the people not at the people when he spoke. Paludan believes Lincoln was a president that was greater than any other P resident in history. He feels

Risk Management Procedures - Methods and Experiences

Question: Discuss about the Risk Managementfor Procedures, Methods and Experiences. Answer: Introdcution: Some of the best practices that helped and could have helped on this project are(Dennis, 2009): Planning of the project work by utilizing description and definition of project: There is trend in infrastructure project to shortchange the processes of planning with the focus on jumping on to the right side in initiating the work. This is certainly a management mistake. The time that is well spent in proper manner for planning the project resulted in the decrease of cost and duration. The illustration of the project is mainly a primary deliver of planning process and it all describes all kinds of aspects on project at a higher level. Illustration of project comprises of: Overview of the details of project: What drivers the owners of business to do such business? What benefits stakeholders get from doing such business? Objectives of project: What will stakeholders achieve through this project? What do stakeholders hope of achieving from this project? Scope of the project: What kind of characteristics of project will be implemented? Which particular section Assumptions in Project: What events stakeholders are taking for granted? What specific events are the ones that stakeholders are concerned about? Project Work plan Developing planning Horizon: After the definition of project, the next step was to develop work plan. The work plan offered the systematic instructions for developing project deliverables and managing the project. We utilized prior work plan from similar project as a model. As it did not exist, we build one the old-fashioned way by using a work breakdown structure and network diagram. Development of detailed work plan comprises assigning resources and estimating work, as far as we felt comfortable(Berg, 2010). Project management procedures The procedures of the project management details the resources that could have been used by the employers of business for managing the project (DHS, 2011). This procedure comprises of details about how project management team will handle the issues and communication. It is very important to manage the project in rigorous manner and too make the project management team assured that the stakeholder possess common understanding regarding the project work (DHS, 2011). Proper alignment and staffing in respect of supply chain: It is very critical to organize the supply chain related functions in such an effective manner which helps in maximizing the chances of success of business and bringing benefits to company also (Crane et al., 2013). It is quite noticeable that some companies are managing the supply chain system with the help of embedding efficient supply chain management professionals. We could have also chosen this strategy for making the supply chain system of our company more efficient. We could have opted for centralized operations of supply chain for making it more effective (Crane et al., 2013). For effective running of supply chain, hybrid approach could have been followed for attaining consensus with the decentralization operations for enhancing services of company. One emerging trend that could have been useful for our project was regarding the placement of the logistics and management of demand under leaders of supply chain. The appr oach is useful as it delivers an idea of innovative thinking in respect of supply chain system management and reporting mechanism. Effective staffing in supply chain is vital for companys success. Members in this project have focused more on strategy and very less on transactional ability(Realsearch Group , 2000). References Berg, H.-P., 2010. Risk management: Procedures, methods and experiences. RTA. Crane, L. et al., 2013. Introduction to Risk Management. Extension Risk Management Education and Risk Management Agency. Dennis, S.B., 2009. Risk Ranking and Risk Prioritization Tools. UMD. DHS, 2011. Risk Management Fundamentals. Homeland Security. Realsearch Group , 2000. Risk Management. Realsearch Group. Wright, S. et al., 2011. Risk Register. NZTA.

Discuss the arguments for and against the reintroduction of the death penalty for murder Essay Example

Discuss the arguments for and against the reintroduction of the death penalty for murder Essay The death penalty, the ultimate punishment for man some may say. There are equally valid arguments for both views. This essay will discuss the arguments for and against the reintroduction of the death penalty for murder.Capital punishment is punishment by death hanging, electrocution, gas chamber, firing squad, lethal injection or beheading. It is normally reserved for murder although can be used in certain other exceptional circumstances (E. McLaughlin and J. Munice, 2001).Hanging was used in England and Wales between 1016 and 1964 (E. McLaughlin and J. Munice, 2001: 24). The purpose of which seems to have been retributive as well as deterrent. After May 1868, executions took place inside the prisons as previously, when they were public affairs, spectators often used the occasion as an opportunity to commit further crime thus turning what was supposed to show the power of law into a crime spree itself (E. McLaughlin and J. Munice, 2001).The death penalty was abolished in this count ry in 1965 (Davies, Croall and Tyrer, 1995: 6) although this was only for a five year trial period and was abolished officially in December 1969 (E. McLaughlin and J. Munice, 2001). It is still retained in some states in the USA and in certain African and Asian countries.In many places where the death penalty is still used as a means of punishment, more people are actually sentenced to death than are killed. For example, in the USA during 1995, 3,000 people were under death sentences but only 56 were executed. Statistics like these often bring about critical questions like, whether there is any point in retaining the death penalty and whether or not it does actually have an effect on society or on crime.Some states may justify the use of capital punishment simply on retributive grounds although the most common political belief is that it has a general deterrent capacity to save further innocent lives and significantly reduce other capital offences (R. Hood, 1989).With regards to ret ribution, those who commit crime deserve to be punished, execution is a very real punishment with the criminal being made to suffer in proportion to the offence committed (www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/6142/thoughts.html).It is necessary to distinguish two different, although often related, conceptions of general deterrence (R. Hood, 1989: 119). The death penalty implies that the threat of capital sanction, or to be more precise the risk of death, prevents those who are about to commit a capital offence from doing so, in more cases than would the threat of life imprisonment. Therefore there would be an obvious relationship between the risk of execution and the rate of capital offences (R. Hood, 1989).The second conception implies that the existence of capital punishment emphasises the severity of a crime therefore reinforcing criminal inhibitions against committing it (R. Hood, 1989). The death penalty is only a deterrent if execution is an absolute certainty and homicide is usually a crime committed in undeterrable states of mind anyway (N. Walker, 1991: 16).Capital punishment incapacitates criminals, obviously removing them from society permanently, thus eliminating the chance of them re-offending even though murder has the lowest reconviction rates.One of the main arguments of those who oppose the use of capital punishment is the chance that an innocent person may be incorrectly convicted and sentenced to death. Two of the leading opponents of capital punishment in the United States today, Professors Hugo Adam Bedau and Michael L. Radelet, concluded in a 1987 study that 23 innocent people have been put to death in the United States since 1900 (M. Grossman, 1998: 129). In todays society, courts commit resources to avoid such miscarriages of justice to ensure that innocent people are not put to death, although even as late as 1962, James Hanratty, subsequently considered innocent, was put to death for a crime committed on an English road although another man later confessed to the offence, and in 1997 a British commission concluded that Hanratty may well have been innocent (M. Grossman, 1998).Capital punishment has always faced a lot of controversy. One of the reasons is due to the cost of actually carrying out the death penalty. Those in favour of capital punishment persistently argue that, cost cannot be considered as part of the judicial equation when justice is being sought (M. Grossman, 1998: 60). Those against the death penalty utilise numbers to prove their argument that it actually costs the state more to execute someone that it does to keep them in prison for the rest of their life. Margot Garey states that because of constitutional requirements and the diligence of attorneys in capital cases, death penalty litigation is a long, expensive process where, after conviction, appeals which usually last decades follow as courts examine the case and investigate possible legal errors that could overturn the death sentence (M. Grossman, 1998).Another main controversial topic when discussing capital punishment is human rights and the right to life. Does a particular murderer, taking into account the full circumstances of his or her life, really deserve to die at the hands of the state? (A. Sarat, 2001). Criminals, although they may have committed the most awful murders, are still real people who have a life, and with it comes the capability of feeling pain, love, fear and all the other emotions the rest of society feel (www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/6142/thoughts.html).There is no such thing as a humane method of putting a person to death, irrespective of what the state may claim (www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/6142/thoughts.html). Every form of execution causes suffering and being executed is a terrifying and gruesome ordeal for any criminal (www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/6142/thoughts.html). A Canadian writer, Bernard Lande Cohen wrote The state has a duty to protect itself and its citizens not only from foreign e nemies but from the domestic variety as well but he also insists the right of a government to take the life of any of its subjects ought to be subject to the strictest review in all instances and no matter how deserving of death and how little deserving of pity, it would be entirely wrong to inflict pain or torture upon him, or any form of death that is of a painful nature (M. Grossman, 1998: 6).An often, overlooked reason for opposing the death penalty is the depth of feelings of the friends and family of the criminal. They suffer pain and trauma leading up to and during the execution and will no doubt suffer serious trauma for years afterwards. Although, some may argue that the criminals family and friends feelings are now the same as the victims and, in that way, just (www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/6142/thoughts.html).The discriminatory nature of the death penalty was recognised in the United States by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1972. The evidence shows racial bias continuing to i nfluence the jury. A report released in 1990 by the General Accounting office in the states shows indications of racial discrimination. The study concluded that, a person accused of killing a white was 4.3 times more likely to be sentenced to death than a person accused of killing a black (www.igc.org/africanam/archives/eh2/factsheet.html).There does not seem to be any other alternative to the death penalty except life imprisonment without parole. Punishment must be fair and in proportion to the offence committed and for the worst murderers life meaning life is an option. It protects the public from the risk of re-offence and allows time for rehabilitation. Most criminals are only, if at all, deterred by the thought of being caught and even the best review of the evidence from research concludes that it has failed to provide scientific proof that executions have a greater deterrent effect than life imprisonment' (N. Walker, 1991: 16).In conclusion we see that the arguments for and against capital punishment are both very strong and depending on ones situation, circumstances and beliefs the ultimate decision to support or oppose the death penalty is that of the individual. The likelihood of Britain ever reintroducing the death penalty for murder is minimal. Politically it would be extremely hard given British commitment to human rights and our membership of the EC, which itself is highly opposed to capital punishment and contains no member states that still retain the death penalty as its highest form of punishment (www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/6142/thoughts.html).

Botulinum toxin essays

Botulinum toxin essays Botulinum Toxin: A Killer and a Healer How can the worlds dangerous substance be a persons healer? Highlight 11.1, Botulinum Toxin: A Killer and a Healer, describes this two-faced toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum that may help a person with muscle problems and yet threat the whole world with only one gram of botulinum toxin. This bacteria, C. botulinum, also meaning, sausage in Latin is an anaerobic, endospore-forming, Gram positive bacillus that is common in soil and water worldwide. Clostridia are rod-shaped, but when producing spores they appear more like drumsticks with a bulge at one end. The vegetative cells are the yellow drumsticks, and the spores are the light-blue ovals within the yellow cells (as seen on the picture above). Its endospores that survive improper canning of food, germinating to produce vegetative cells that grow and release into the jar or can a powerful neurotoxin, (Vangelova, 1) that can cause botulism when toxin enters the body. Different strains of botulinum produces one of seven antigenically distinct botulism toxins ( A through G). The good thing is that this toxin is not contagious but can be easily acquired. There are three types of botulinum toxin that can be obtained through food-borne, wound, or an infant. But it is also being used in the medical field to suppress many diseases. Botulinum toxin can be obtained through food-borne. As Vangelova stated, One of the most common culprits in food-borne botulism is home-canned food, especially vegetables such as asparagus, green beans, and peppers. More than 90 percent of food-borne botulism outbreaks between 1976 and 1985 were due to home-processed foods, describing how these endospores can germinate vegetative cells and cause great damage. One basic recommendation was to cook food to be canned in pressure cookers because they can maintain temperatures high enough (abo...